NodeJS is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that allows developers to run JavaScript code outside the web browser, primarily used for building scalable network applications.

Key features of NodeJS include an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, single-threaded architecture, fast execution using the V8 engine, and a vast package ecosystem with npm.

NodeJS was developed by Ryan Dahl and was first released in 2009.

The V8 Engine is Google’s open-source JavaScript engine that compiles JavaScript directly to machine code, making NodeJS extremely fast and efficient.

Unlike traditional server-side technologies that use multi-threading, NodeJS operates on a single-threaded, event-driven model, making it lightweight and efficient for handling concurrent requests.

Advantages of NodeJS include high performance, scalability, an active open-source community, and the ability to use JavaScript for both frontend and backend development.

NodeJS uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, allowing it to handle multiple requests asynchronously without waiting for previous operations to complete.

npm (Node Package Manager) is the default package manager for NodeJS, allowing developers to install, share, and manage dependencies in their projects.

npm and Yarn are both package managers for JavaScript, but Yarn is faster due to parallel package installations and offers better security with lock files.

package.json is a configuration file in a NodeJS project that contains metadata about the project, including dependencies, scripts, and versioning information.

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